Introducing of Batik

Batik is one way of making fabric. Besides batik can refer to two things.The first is the technique of coloring cloth using the night to prevent staining part of the fabric. In the international literature, this technique is known as a wax-resist dyeing. The second notion is the fabric or clothing made with these techniques, including the use of certain motifs that have uniqueness. Batik Indonesia, as the overall engineering, technology, and development-related motives and culture, UNESCO has been designated a Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity since October 2, 2009.

Etymology

The word "batik" is derived from the combination of two words in Javanese: "amba", meaning "write" and "titik" which means "point".  

History of batik technique

Batik textiles from Niya (Tarim Basin), China

Detail carving of cloth worn Prajnaparamita, statues that come from East Java, the 13th century. Carving patterns intricate flowers are similar to traditional Javanese batik pattern now.

Art coloring coloring fabric with prevention techniques using night is one of the ancient art form. The discovery in Egypt show that this technique has been known since the 4th century BC, with the discovery mummy wrapping cloth which is also coated the night to form a pattern. In Asia, a similar technique of batik is also applied in China during the T'ang Dynasty (618-907) as well as in India and Japan during the Nara period (645-794). In Africa, such as batik technique known by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, as well as the Soninke and Wolof tribe in Senegal. In Indonesia, batik is believed to have existed since the time of Majapahit, and became very popular late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is it all until the early twentieth century and the new stamp batik known after World War I or around the 1920's.

Although the word "batik" comes from the Javanese, the presence of batik in Java itself was not recorded. G.P. Rouffaer argues that the batik technique is likely introduced from India or Sri Lanka in the 6th century or the 7th. On the other hand, J.L.A. Brandes (Dutch Archaeologist) and F.A. Sutjipto (Indonesian Archaeologist) believe that the tradition of batik is a native of the area such as the Toraja, Flores, Halmahera and Papua. It should be noted that the region is not an area that is influenced by Hinduism but it is known to have ancient tradition of batik making.

G.P. Rouffaer gringsing also reported that the pattern has been known since the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this pattern can only be formed by using a canting, so he argues that the canting is found in Java in the period surrounding it. Detailed carvings that resemble batik cloth worn by the Prajnaparamita, the goddess of wisdom Buddhist statues from East Java century -13. Detailed patterns of clothing featuring vines and intricate flowers that are similar to traditional Javanese batik pattern that can be found now. This suggests that creating an intricate batik patterns that can only be made with a canting has been known in Java since the 13th century or even earlier.

Legend in Malay literature of the 17th century, Sulalatus Salatin told Admiral Hang Nadim ordered by Sultan Mahmud to sail to India to get 140 pieces of fabric litter with 40 kinds of flower patterns on each page. Being unable to fulfill that command, he made himself that the fabrics. But unfortunately shipwrecked on the way home and only capable of carrying four pieces that make the emperor was disappointed. By some interpreters, who? litter was interpreted as batik.

In European literature, batik technique was first described in the book History of Java (London, 1817) writings of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles.He had been a British Governor of Java during Napoleon occupied the Netherlands. In 1873 a Dutch merchant Van Rijekevorsel give a piece of batik, which is obtained during a visit to Indonesia to the Ethnic Museum in Rotterdam and at the beginning of the 19th century batik that was started to reach its golden ages. When exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, Indonesian batik riveting public and artists.

Since the industrialization and globalization, which introduces automation techniques, new types emerged batik, known as batik and batik prints, while the traditional batik produced by the technique of handwriting using canting and night is called batik. At the same time, immigrants from Indonesia to Malaya Fellowship also carries batik with them.

Culture batik

Heroine R.A. Kartini and her husband wore batik skirt. Batik motifs used machetes Kartini is a pattern to the nobles

Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of the culture of Indonesia (especially Java) for a long time. Javanese women in the past made their skills in batik for a living, so in the past batik work is exclusively women's work until the invention of "Batik Cap" which allows the entry of men into the field. There are some exceptions to this phenomenon, namely the coastal batik masculine lines as can be seen in shades of "Mega Chance", which in some coastal areas batik work is common for men.

The tradition of batik was originally a tradition handed down, so sometimes a recognizable motif batik originated from a particular family. Some batik may indicate the status of a person. Even today, some batik motifs tadisional only used by royal families of Yogyakarta and Surakarta.

Cirebon batik motif sea creatures

Batik is an ancestral heritage of Indonesia (Java) that until now still exist.Batik is also first introduced to the world by President Suharto, who was wearing a batik at the UN Conference.

Batik is used to wrap around the body by the dancers dance in the palace Bedhoyo Ketawang Java.

Batik Variety

Batik variety of shades and colors are influenced by various foreign influences. Initially, batik has a variety of shades and colors are limited, and some patterns may only be used by certain circles. However, coastal batik absorb various external influences, such as foreign traders and also in the end, the invaders. Bright colors such as red popularized by the Chinese, who also popularized the style phoenix. European colonial nations are also taking interest in batik, and the results are the patterns that were previously unknown flowers (like tulips) and the objects brought by the colonizers (the building or horse-drawn carriage), including their favorite colors such as blue. Retain traditional batik s type, and is still used in traditional ceremonies, because usually each style has a representation of each.

How to manufacture

Batik was originally made on material with white color made of cotton cloth called. Today the batik is also made on other materials such as silk, polyester, rayon and other synthetic materials. Batik motif formed by the liquid wax by using a tool called a canting for subtle motifs, or large-sized brush for a motive, so that the liquid wax to seep into the fabric fibers.Fabrics that have been painted with wax and then dyed with the desired color, usually starting from the light colors. Immersion and then taken to another motif with color or black older. After some time the coloring process, which has dibatik cloth dipped in chemicals to dissolve the wax. 

Types of batik

Batik-making

According to the technique

Batik is decorated with fabric textures and patterns of batik by hand. Batik making this type takes approximately 2-3 months.

Batik cap is decorated with fabric textures and patterns created with batik cap (usually made of copper). Batik-making process of this type takes approximately 2-3 days.

Batik is the process of making batik painting by painting directly on the white cloth.

According to the origin of manufacture

Javanese Batik

Javanese batik art is a cultural heritage of Indonesia, especially Java-controlled areas of hereditary Javanese. Javanese batik motifs have different. The difference is common motifs that have meaning, the purpose is not only an image but it implies that they can from their ancestors, the religion of animism, dynamism, or Hindus and Buddhists. Javanese batik developed in many areas Solo or commonly referred to as Solo batik.